PIDATO PRESIDEN Barack Obama di UI

National Affairs Rabu, 10 November 2010 12:20 WIB Transkrip Pidato Presiden Barack Obama di Universitas Indonesia Presiden AS ke-44 ini memuji toleransi beragama Indonesia dan semangat Bhineka Tunggal Ika. Oleh : Barack Obama Foto : Cable News Network Bookmark and Share Remarks of President Barack Obama - As Prepared for Delivery Jakarta, Indonesia November 10, 2010 As Prepared for Delivery— Thank you for this wonderful welcome. Thank you to the people of Jakarta. And thank you to the people of Indonesia. I am so glad that I made it to Indonesia, and that Michelle was able to join me. We had a couple of false starts this year, but I was determined to visit a country that has meant so much to me. Unfortunately, it’s a fairly quick visit, but I look forward to coming back a year from now, when Indonesia hosts the East Asia Summit. Before I go any further, I want to say that our thoughts and prayers are with all of those Indonesians affected by the recent tsunami and volcanic eruptions – particularly those who have lost loved ones, and those who have been displaced. As always, the United States stands with Indonesia in responding to this natural disaster, and we are pleased to be able to help as needed. As neighbors help neighbors and families take in the displaced, I know that the strength and resilience of the Indonesian people will pull you through once more. Let me begin with a simple statement: Indonesia is a part of me. I first came to this country when my mother married an Indonesian man named Lolo Soetoro. As a young boy, I was coming to a different world. But the people of Indonesia quickly made me feel at home. Jakarta looked very different in those days. The city was filled with buildings that were no more than a few stories tall. The Hotel Indonesia was one of the few high rises, and there was just one brand new shopping center called Sarinah. Betchaks outnumbered automobiles in those days, and the highway quickly gave way to unpaved roads and kampongs. We moved to Menteng Dalam, where we lived in a small house with a mango tree out front. I learned to love Indonesia while flying kites, running along paddy fields, catching dragonflies, and buying satay and baso from the street vendors. Most of all, I remember the people – the old men and women who welcomed us with smiles; the children who made a foreigner feel like a neighbor; and the teachers who helped me learn about the wider world. Because Indonesia is made up of thousands of islands, hundreds of languages, and people from scores of regions and ethnic groups, my times here helped me appreciate the common humanity of all people. And while my stepfather, like most Indonesians, was raised a Muslim, he firmly believed that all religions were worthy of respect. In this way, he reflected the spirit of religious tolerance that is enshrined in Indonesia’s Constitution, and that remains one of this country’s defining and inspiring characteristics. I stayed here for four years – a time that helped shape my childhood; a time that saw the birth of my wonderful sister, Maya; and a time that made such an impression on my mother that she kept returning to Indonesia over the next twenty years to live, work and travel – pursuing her passion of promoting opportunity in Indonesia’s villages, particularly for women and girls. For her entire life, my mother held this place and its people close to her heart. So much has changed in the four decades since I boarded a plane to move back to Hawaii. If you asked me – or any of my schoolmates who knew me back then – I don’t think any of us could have anticipated that I would one day come back to Jakarta as President of the United States. And few could have anticipated the remarkable story of Indonesia over these last four decades. The Jakarta that I once knew has grown to a teeming city of nearly ten million, with skyscrapers that dwarf the Hotel Indonesia, and thriving centers of culture and commerce. While my Indonesian friends and I used to run in fields with water buffalo and goats, a new generation of Indonesians is among the most wired in the world – connected through cell phones and social networks. And while Indonesia as a young nation focused inward, a growing Indonesia now plays a key role in the Asia Pacific and the global economy. This change extends to politics. When my step-father was a boy, he watched his own father and older brother leave home to fight and die in the struggle for Indonesian independence. I’m happy to be here on Heroes Day to honor the memory of so many Indonesians who have sacrificed on behalf of this great country. When I moved to Jakarta, it was 1967, a time that followed great suffering and conflict in parts of this country. Even though my step-father had served in the Army, the violence and killing during that time of political upheaval was largely unknown to me because it was unspoken by my Indonesian family and friends. In my household, like so many others across Indonesia, it was an invisible presence. Indonesians had their independence, but fear was not far away. In the years since then, Indonesia has charted its own course through an extraordinary democratic transformation – from the rule of an iron fist to the rule of the people. In recent years, the world has watched with hope and admiration, as Indonesians embraced the peaceful transfer of power and the direct election of leaders. And just as your democracy is symbolized by your elected President and legislature, your democracy is sustained and fortified by its checks and balances: a dynamic civil society; political parties and unions; a vibrant media and engaged citizens who have ensured that – in Indonesia -- there will be no turning back. But even as this land of my youth has changed in so many ways, those things that I learned to love about Indonesia – that spirit of tolerance that is written into your Constitution; symbolized in your mosques and churches and temples; and embodied in your people – still lives on. Bhinneka Tunggal Ika – unity in diversity. This is the foundation of Indonesia’s example to the world, and this is why Indonesia will play such an important role in the 21st century. So today, I return to Indonesia as a friend, but also as a President who seeks a deep and enduring partnership between our two countries. Because as vast and diverse countries; as neighbors on either side of the Pacific; and above all as democracies – the United States and Indonesia are bound together by shared interests and shared values. Yesterday, President Yudhoyono and I announced a new, Comprehensive Partnership between the United States and Indonesia. We are increasing ties between our governments in many different areas, and – just as importantly – we are increasing ties among our people. This is a partnership of equals, grounded in mutual interests and mutual respect. With the rest of my time today, I’d like to talk about why the story I just told – the story of Indonesia since the days when I lived here – is so important to the United States, and to the world. I will focus on three areas that are closely related, and fundamental to human progress – development, democracy, and religion. First, the friendship between the United States and Indonesia can advance our mutual interest in development. When I moved to Indonesia, it would have been hard to imagine a future in which the prosperity of families in Chicago and Jakarta would be connected. But our economies are now global, and Indonesians have experienced both the promise and perils of globalization: from the shock of the Asian financial crisis in the 1990s to the millions lifted out of poverty. What that means – and what we learned in the recent economic crisis – is that we have a stake in each other’s success. America has a stake in an Indonesia that is growing, with prosperity that is broadly shared among the Indonesian people – because a rising middle class here means new markets for our goods, just as America is a market for yours. And so we are investing more in Indonesia, our exports have grown by nearly 50 percent, and we are opening doors for Americans and Indonesians to do business with one another. America has a stake in an Indonesia that plays its rightful role in shaping the global economy. Gone are the days when seven or eight countries could come together to determine the direction of global markets. That is why the G-20 is now the center of international economic cooperation, so that emerging economies like Indonesia have a greater voice and bear greater responsibility. And through its leadership of the G-20’s anti-corruption group, Indonesia should lead on the world stage and by example in embracing transparency and accountability. America has a stake in an Indonesia that pursues sustainable development, because the way we grow will determine the quality of our lives and the health of our planet. That is why we are developing clean energy technologies that can power industry and preserve Indonesia’s precious natural resources – and America welcomes your country’s strong leadership in the global effort to combat climate change. Above all, America has a stake in the success of the Indonesian people. Underneath the headlines of the day, we must build bridges between our peoples, because our future security and prosperity is shared. That is exactly what we are doing – by increased collaboration among our scientists and researchers, and by working together to foster entrepreneurship. And I am especially pleased that we have committed to double the number of American and Indonesian students studying in our respective countries – we want more Indonesian students in our schools, and more American students to come study in this country, so that we can forge new ties that last well into this young century. These are the issues that really matter in our daily lives. Development, after all, is not simply about growth rates and numbers on a balance sheet. It’s about whether a child can learn the skills they need to make it in a changing world. It’s about whether a good idea is allowed to grow into a business, and not be suffocated by corruption. It’s about whether those forces that have transformed the Jakarta that I once knew –technology and trade and the flow of people and goods – translate into a better life for human beings, a life marked by dignity and opportunity. This kind of development is inseparable from the role of democracy. Today, we sometimes hear that democracy stands in the way of economic progress. This is not a new argument. Particularly in times of change and economic uncertainty, some will say that it is easier to take a shortcut to development by trading away the rights of human beings for the power of the state. But that is not what I saw on my trip to India, and that is not what I see in Indonesia. Your achievements demonstrate that democracy and development reinforce one another. Like any democracy, you have known setbacks along the way. America is no different. Our own Constitution spoke of the effort to forge a “more perfect union,” and that is a journey we have travelled ever since, enduring Civil War and struggles to extend rights to all of our citizens. But it is precisely this effort that has allowed us to become stronger and more prosperous, while also becoming a more just and free society. Like other countries that emerged from colonial rule in the last century, Indonesia struggled and sacrificed for the right to determine your destiny. That is what Heroes Day is all about – an Indonesia that belongs to Indonesians. But you also ultimately decided that freedom cannot mean replacing the strong hand of a colonizer with a strongman of your own. Of course, democracy is messy. Not everyone likes the results of every election. You go through ups and downs. But the journey is worthwhile, and it goes beyond casting a ballot. It takes strong institutions to check the concentration of power. It takes open markets that allow individuals to thrive. It takes a free press and an independent justice system to root out abuse and excess, and to insist upon accountability. It takes open society and active citizens to reject inequality and injustice. These are the forces that will propel Indonesia forward. And it will require a refusal to tolerate the corruption that stands in the way of opportunity; a commitment to transparency that gives every Indonesian a stake in their government; and a belief that the freedom that Indonesians have fought for is what holds this great nation together. That is the message of the Indonesians who have advanced this democratic story – from those who fought in the Battle of Surabaya 55 years ago today; to the students who marched peacefully for democracy in the 1990s, to leaders who have embraced the peaceful transition of power in this young century. Because ultimately, it will be the rights of citizens that will stitch together this remarkable Nusantara that stretches from Sabang to Merauke – an insistence that every child born in this country should be treated equally, whether they come from Java or Aceh; Bali or Papua. That effort extends to the example that Indonesia sets abroad. Indonesia took the initiative to establish the Bali Democracy Forum, an open forum for countries to share their experiences and best practices in fostering democracy. Indonesia has also been at the forefront of pushing for more attention to human rights within ASEAN. The nations of Southeast Asia must have the right to determine their own destiny, and the United States will strongly support that right. But the people of Southeast Asia must have the right to determine their own destiny as well. That is why we condemned elections in Burma that were neither free nor fair. That is why we are supporting your vibrant civil society in working with counterparts across this region. Because there is no reason why respect for human rights should stop at the border of any country. Hand in hand, that is what development and democracy are about – the notion that certain values are universal. Prosperity without freedom is just another form of poverty. Because there are aspirations that human beings share – the liberty of knowing that your leader is accountable to you, and that you won’t be locked up for disagreeing with them; the opportunity to get an education and to work with dignity; the freedom to practice your faith without fear or restriction. Religion is the final topic that I want to address today, and – like democracy and development – it is fundamental to the Indonesian story. Like the other Asian nations that I am visiting on this trip, Indonesia is steeped in spirituality – a place where people worship God in many different ways. Along with this rich diversity, it is also home to the world’s largest Muslim population – a truth that I came to know as a boy when I heard the call to prayer across Jakarta. Just as individuals are not defined solely by their faith, Indonesia is defined by more than its Muslim population. But we also know that relations between the United States and Muslim communities have frayed over many years. As President, I have made it a priority to begin to repair these relations. As a part of that effort, I went to Cairo last June, and called for a new beginning between the United States and Muslims around the world – one that creates a path for us to move beyond our differences. I said then, and I will repeat now, that no single speech can eradicate years of mistrust. But I believed then, and I believe today, that we have a choice. We can choose to be defined by our differences, and give in to a future of suspicion and mistrust. Or we can choose to do the hard work of forging common ground, and commit ourselves to the steady pursuit of progress. And I can promise you – no matter what setbacks may come, the United States is committed to human progress. That is who we are. That is what we have done. That is what we will do. We know well the issues that have caused tensions for many years – issues that I addressed in Cairo. In the 17 months that have passed we have made some progress, but much more work remains to be done. Innocent civilians in America, Indonesia, and across the world are still targeted by violent extremists. I have made it clear that America is not, and never will be, at war with Islam. Instead, all of us must defeat al Qaeda and its affiliates, who have no claim to be leaders of any religion – certainly not a great, world religion like Islam. But those who want to build must not cede ground to terrorists who seek to destroy. This is not a task for America alone. Indeed, here in Indonesia, you have made progress in rooting out terrorists and combating violent extremism. In Afghanistan, we continue to work with a coalition of nations to build the capacity of the Afghan government to secure its future. Our shared interest is in building peace in a war-torn land – a peace that provides no safe-haven for violent extremists, and that provides hope for the Afghan people. Meanwhile, we have made progress on one of our core commitments - our effort to end the war in Iraq. 100,000 American troops have left Iraq. Iraqis have taken full responsibility for their security. And we will continue to support Iraq as it forms an inclusive government and we bring all of our troops home. In the Middle East, we have faced false starts and setbacks, but we have been persistent in our pursuit of peace. Israelis and Palestinians restarted direct talks, but enormous obstacles remain. There should be no illusions that peace and security will come easy. But let there be no doubt: we will spare no effort in working for the outcome that is just, and that is in the interest of all the parties involved: two states, Israel and Palestine, living side by side in peace and security. The stakes are high in resolving these issues, and the others I have spoken about today. For our world has grown smaller and while those forces that connect us have unleashed opportunity, they also empower those who seek to derail progress. One bomb in a marketplace can obliterate the bustle of daily commerce. One whispered rumor can obscure the truth, and set off violence between communities that once lived in peace. In an age of rapid change and colliding cultures, what we share as human beings can be lost. But I believe that the history of both America and Indonesia gives us hope. It’s a story written into our national mottos. E pluribus unum – out of many, one. Bhinneka Tunggal Ika – unity in diversity. We are two nations, which have travelled different paths. Yet our nations show that hundreds of millions who hold different beliefs can be united in freedom under one flag. And we are now building on that shared humanity – through the young people who will study in each other’s schools; through the entrepreneurs forging ties that can lead to prosperity; and through our embrace of fundamental democratic values and human aspirations.. Earlier today, I visited the Istiqlal mosque – a place of worship that was still under construction when I lived in Jakarta. I admired its soaring minaret, imposing dome, and welcoming space. But its name and history also speak to what makes Indonesia great. Istiqlal means independence, and its construction was in part a testament to the nation’s struggle for freedom. Moreover, this house of worship for many thousands of Muslims was designed by a Christian architect. Such is Indonesia’s spirit. Such is the message of Indonesia’s inclusive philosophy, Pancasila. Across an archipelago that contains some of God’s most beautiful creations, islands rising above an ocean named for peace, people choose to worship God as they please. Islam flourishes, but so do other faiths. Development is strengthened by an emerging democracy. Ancient traditions endure, even as a rising power is on the move. That is not to say that Indonesia is without imperfections. No country is. But here can be found the ability to bridge divides of race and region and religion – that ability to see yourself in all individuals. As a child of a different race coming from a distant country, I found this spirit in the greeting that I received upon moving here: Selamat Datang. As a Christian visiting a mosque on this visit, I found it in the words of a leader who was asked about my visit and said, “Muslims are also allowed in churches. We are all God’s followers.” That spark of the divine lies within each of us. We cannot give in to doubt or cynicism or despair. The stories of Indonesia and America tell us that history is on the side of human progress; that unity is more powerful than division; and that the people of this world can live together in peace. May our two nations work together, with fath and determination to share these truths with all mankind.

T E B U I R E N G

Tuesday, November 16, 2010

Pondok Pesantren Tebuireng

Didirikan
1899

Jenis
Pesantren

Afiliasi
Islam

Pengasuh
Ir. KH. Solahuddin Wahid
(Gus Solah)

Lokasi
Jombang, Jawa Timur,

Situs web
pesantren.tebuireng.net

Pondok Pesantren Tebuireng

Pondok Pesantren Tebuireng adalah salah satu pesantren terbesar di Kabupaten Jombang, Jawa Timur. Pesantren ini didirikan oleh KH. Hasyim Asy'arie pada tahun 1899. Selain materi pelajaran mengenai pengetahuan agama Islam, ilmu syari’at, dan bahasa Arab, pelajaran umum juga dimasukkan ke dalam struktur kurikulum pengajarannya. Pesantren Tebuireng telah banyak memberikan konstribusi dan sumbangan kepada masyarakat luas baik, terutama dalam dunia pendidikan Islam di Indonesia.

Sejarah

Pondok Pesantren Tebuireng didirikan oleh Kyai Haji Hasyim Asy’ari pada tahun 1899 M. Pesantren ini didirikan setelah ia pulang dari pengembaraannya menuntut ilmu di berbagai pondok pesantren terkemuka dan di tanah Mekkah, untuk mengamalkan ilmu yang telah diperolehnya.

Tebuireng dahulunya merupakan nama dari sebuah dusun kecil yang masuk wilayah Cukir, Kecamatan Diwek, Kabupaten Jombang, Jawa Timur. Letaknya delapan kilometer di selatan kota Jombang, tepat berada di tepi jalan raya Jombang – Kediri. Menurut cerita masyarakat setempat, nama Tebuireng berasal dari “kebo ireng” (kerbau hitam).^[1] Versi lain menuturkan bahwa nama Tebuireng diambil dari nama punggawa kerajaan Majapahit yang masuk Islam dan kemudian tinggal di sekitar dusun tersebut.

Dusun Tebuireng sempat dikenal sebagai sarang perjudian, perampokan, pencurian, pelacuran dan perilaku negatif lainnya. Namun sejak kedatangan K.H. Hasyim Asy’ari dan santri-santrinya, secara bertahap pola kehidupan masyarakat dusun tersebut berubah semakin baik dan perilaku negatif masyarakat di Tebuireng pun terkikis habis. Awal mula kegiatan dakwah K.H. Hasyim Asy’ari dipusatkan di sebuah bangunan yang terdiri dari dua buah ruangan kecil dari anyam-anyaman bambu (Jawa: gedek), bekas sebuah warung yang luasnya kurang lebih 6 x 8 meter, yang dibelinya dari seorang dalang. Satu ruang digunakan untuk kegiatan pengajian, sementara yang lain sebagai tempat tinggal bersama istrinya, Nyai Khodijah.

Organisasi NU tersebar di seluruh provinsi di Indonesia dengan lebih dari 400 cabang, tetapi pengurus-pengurus wilayah NU yang kegiatan usahanya cukup nyata antara lain adalah yang berada di Jawa Timur, Jawa Tengah, Jawa Barat, DKI Jakarta, Sumatera Utara, Kalimantan Selatan, dan Sulawesi Selatan.^[2] Saat ini, keberadaan Pondok Pesantren Tebuireng telah berkembang dengan baik dan semakin mendapat perhatian dari masyarakat luas.

Sistem pendidikan

Seiring dengan perjalanan waktu, santri yang berdatangan menimba ilmu semakin banyak dan beragam. Kenyataan tersebut telah mendorong Pondok Pesantren Tebuireng beberapa kali telah melakukan perubahan kebijakan yang berkaitan dengan pendidikan. Sebagaimana pesantren-pesantren pada zaman pendiriannya, sistem pengajaran awal yang digunakan adalah metode sorogan (santri membaca sendiri materi pelajaran kitab kuning di hadapan guru), serta metode weton atau bandongan atau halqah (kyai membaca kitab dan santri memberi makna). Semua bentuk pengajaran tersebut tidak dibedakan dalam jenjang kelas. Kenaikan tingkat pendidikan dinyatakan dengan bergantinya kitab yang khatam (selesai) dikaji dan diikuti santri. Materi pelajarannya pun khusus berkisar tentang pengetahuan agama Islam, ilmu syari’at dan bahasa Arab.

Perubahan sistem pendidikan di pesantren ini pertama kali diadakan Kyai Hasyim Asy’ari pada tahun 1919, yaitu dengan penerapan sistem madrasi (klasikal) dengan mendirikan Madrasah Salafiyah Syafi’iyah. Sistem pengajaran disajikan secara berjenjang dalam dua tingkat, yakni Shifir Awal dan Shifir Tsani.

Tahun 1929, kembali dilakukan pembaharuan, yaitu dengan dimasukkannya pelajaran umum ke dalam struktur kurikulum pengajaran. Hal tersebut adalah suatu tindakan yang belum pernah ditempuh oleh pesantren lain pada waktu itu. Sempat muncul reaksi dari para wali santri, bahkan para ulama dari pesantren lain. Hal demikian dapat dimaklumi mengingat pelajaran umum saat itu dianggap sebagai kemunkaran, budaya Belanda dan semacamnya. Hingga terdapat wali santri yang sampai memindahkan putranya ke pondok lain. Namun, madrasah ini berjalan terus karena Pondok Pesantren Tebuireng beranggapan bahwa ilmu umum akan sangat diperlukan bagi para lulusan pesantren.

Daftar pengurus

Dalam perjalanan sejarahnya, hingga kini Pesantren Tebuireng telah mengalami 7 kali periode kepemimpinan. Secara singkat, periodisasi kepemimpinan Tebuireng sebagai berikut:

1. KH. Muhammad Hasyim Asy’ari : 1899 – 1947
2. KH. Abdul Wahid Hasyim : 1947 – 1950
3. KH. Abdul Karim Hasyim : 1950 – 1951
4. KH. Achmad Baidhawi : 1951 – 1952
5. KH. Abdul Kholik Hasyim : 1953 – 1965
6. KH. Muhammad Yusuf Hasyim : 1965 – 2006
7. KH. Solahuddin Wahid : 2006 - sekarang

6 Spesies Kalajengking Paling Beracun di Dunia

Sunday, November 21, 2010

Berikut jenis Kalajengking yang paling berbahaya

1. Death stalker, Leiurus quinquestriatus

Type: Terrestrial, Opportunistic Burrower

Origin: Timur Tengah dan Afrika Utara

Size: 10-13 cm

Temperamen: agresive

deathstalker dikenal sebagai spesies yang memiliki racun paling mematikan racunnya adalah campuran dari berbagai racun neurotoxin yang sangat kuat (tidak tahu dah neurotoxin apaan tapi sepertinya bahaya) yang dapat menyebabkan rasa sakit yang sangat tidak tertahankan, kemudian demam, diikuti dengan koma, kejang-kejang, kelumpuhan dan kematian. Untungnya, untuk manusia dewasa yang sehat, walaupun menyakitkan, tapi tidak dapat membunuh. Anak kecil, orang tua dan individu yang lemah (misalnya jantung lemah)berada pada kelompok beresiko tinggi akan kematian bila tersengat kalajengking ini.

2. Arabian Fat-tailed scorpion, Androctonus crassicauda

Type: Terrestrial dessert

Origin: Timur Tengah dan Afrika Utara

Size: sekitar 10 cm

Temperamen: kaga terlalu agresive

fat-tailed scorpion atau Androctonus merupakan salah satu spesies kalajengking paling beracun di dunia. namanya aj 'Androctonus' yang berarti man-killer. Diantara seluruh spesies Androctonus mungkin yang paling bahaya adalah Arabian Fat-tailed Scorpion ini, racun yg dia miliki bisa menyaingi racun Deathstalker. racun yang spesies ini miliki juga terdiri dari neurotoxin. Spesies ini bertanggung jwb atas kematian beberapa orang tiap tahunnya. Saat ini masih menjadi perdebatan siapakah kalajengking paling mematikan, apakah Deathstalker atau Arabian Fat-tailed

3. Yellow Fat-tailed scorpion, Androctonus australis

Type: Terrestrial

Origin: Timur Tengah, Afrika Utara, India

Size: lebih dari 9 cm

Temperamen: kadang agresive kadang calm

sesuai dengan jenisnya yaitu jenis 'Androctonus', yellow fat-tailed merupakan jenis yg sangat mematikan, walaupun racun nya tidak sekuat Deathstalker ataupun Arabian fat-tailed, racun yellow fat-tailed bisa membunuh seseorang dalam waktu 2 jam apabila tidak segera diberi serumnya (tidak berpengaruh thdp orang dewasa yg sehat). mendapatkan serumnya juga tidak gampang, bahkan di AS saja dalam mendapatkan serumnya sangat sulit

4. Black Spitting Thicktail Scorpion, Parabuthus transvaalicus

Type: Opportunistic Burrower

Origin: Afrika

Size: sekitar 12 cm

Temperamen: cukup agresive

juragan ada yg tau knp jenis yg satu ini mendapat julukan Black Spitting Thicktail Scorpion?? Ini dikarenakan mereka bisa menyemburkan racun mereka seperti halnya kobra. racun yg mereka semburkan dapat sampai berjarak 1 meter, dan apabila terkena mata dapat menyebabkan rasa yg sangat perih dan kebutaan sementara, namun kebutaan ini bisa jadi permanen jika racun tidak segera dibersihkan, kemampuannya inilah yang membuat ia dianggap sbg spesies yg cukup berbahaya, namun kadar racunnya tidak tergolong mematikan. walapun begitu racun yg dimiliki jenis ini berbahaya untuk anak2 dan orang yg alergi terhadap racun ini.

5. Striped bark scorpion, Centruroides vittatus

Type: Opportunistic Burrower

Origin: Amerika Utara

Size: 5-7 cm

Temperamen: tidak agresive

seperti banyak kalajengking lainnya, jenis ini juga gampang ditemukan disekitar habitatnya. namun karena kedekatan nya dgn manusia, jenis ini (walaupun tidak agresive) cukup sering merugikan manusia. sengatannya sangatlah menyakitkan. untuk beberapa orang dapat terjadi selama 15-20 menit dan tidak jarang sampai hingga 2-3 hari. namun jenis ini jarang sekali hingga menyebabkan kematian, beberapa laporan menyebutkan bahwa jenis ini bertanggung jwb atas kematian beberapa orang namun itu semua masih menjadi perdebatan.

6. Asian Forest Scorpion, Heterometrus longimanus

Type: Terrestrial

Origin: Asia bagian selatan termasuk Indonesia

Size: 10-12 cm

Temperamen: sangat agresive

Ia sangatlah mirip dengan emperor scorpion, namun sifatnya sangat berbeda. Asian forest merupakan jenis yg sangat agresive dan cukup bersifat defensive sehingga saat merasa terancam sering terlihat berada dalam posisi siap menyerang. berbeda dgn jenis2 kalajengking di atas, bila terancam Asian forest jarang menyengat menggunakan ekornya, mereka lebih sering menyerang dgn menggunakan capitnya yg cukup besar untuk membuat kita berdarah racun yg dimiliki oleh Asian forest tidak mematikan (dikatakan hanya sekuat sengatan tawon) mungkin karena itu ia lebih mengandalkan capitnya yg kuat

Perahu Naga, Si Penyumbang Emas Pertama Untuk Indonesia

 

November 21, 2010  

Perayaan perahu naga selalu menjadi simbol dalam semangat dan kebudayaan bangsa Tionghoa. Merupakan salah satu dari perayaan besar bangsa Tionghoa yang diadakan setiap tahun, dan saat ini bisa disaksikan dari seluruh penjuru dunia. Berpartisipasi dalam perayaan perahu naga, baik sebagai peserta ataupun penonton, merupakan sesuatu yang menyenangkan dan dapat dinikmati oleh setiap orang.

Agan dapat menyaksikan perahu-perahu yang beraneka warna, dengan dihiasi kepala naga, ekor naga dan lukisan sepanjang badan perahu. Agan dapat menyaksikan para peserta yang berusaha sekuat tenaga untuk menjadi yang pertama sampai pada garis akhir. Penonton yang berteriak dan memberi semangat bagi perahu pilihan mereka, sementara itu pemukul gendang memukul gendangnya dan berteriak untuk memberikan semangat dan menyelaraskan irama dayung bagi setiap peserta dalam perahunya. Perayaan ini jangan diharapkan sebagai suatu perayaan yang tenang, namun sebuah perayaan yang ceria dan menyenangkan, sebuah pesta besar.

Untuk mengetahui asal usul dari perayaan perahu naga ini banyak yang tidak atau kurang mengetahuinya. Bahkan banyak orang hanya mengatakan asal usulnya adalah “pada jaman dahulu kala”.



Sebenarnya asal usul perayaan perahu naga ini bermula dari sekitar 2000 tahun yang lalu ketika para penganut kepercayaan yang ada mempercayai bahwa pertandingan perahu dapat membawa kemakmuran dan kesuburan tanaman.

Perayaan mengambil waktu pada saat musim panas, waktu dimana banyak terjadi bencana dan kematian, dan dimana manusia merasa tidak berdaya atas kekuasaan alam. Pertandingan itu menjadi simbol atas perlawanan manusia menghadapi alam dan pertarungannya melawan musuh-musuh.

Ada pula beberapa kisah yang mendasari asal muasal perayaan ini, seperti kisah Qu Yuan dan Cao-E.

Perayaan perahu naga dirayakan pada saat “lima dari lima”, yaitu hari ke-lima dari bulan ke-lima penanggalan Cina. Merah mendominasi warna dari perahu yang bertanding, karena merah adalah warna dari angka lima dan merupakan simbol dari panas, musim panas, dan api. Panjang dari perahu naga antara 30 sampai 100 kaki, dan cukup lebar untuk menampung dua orang secara sejajar.

Beberapa ritual asli masih dilakukan sampai saat ini, seperti “membangunkan sang naga” dengan memberikan tanda titik pada kepala naga disetiap perahu. Perayaan ini dilakukan untuk memberikan berkah kepada daerah sekitar, para perahu yang bertanding, dan para pesertanya. Juga memberikan para perahu dan pesertanya kekuatan dari sang Naga dan berkah dari Dewi Laut.

Sekalipun demikian, banyak yang sudah berubah dalam perayaan itu. Seperti para penonton tidak lagi melemparkan batu kepada perahu saingannya, dan tidak lagi menenggelamkan satu orang, yang mengejutkan adalah pengorbanan itu dahulu dianggap sebagai pengorbanan terhadap dewa dan sebagai tanda keberuntungan.



Perayaan perahu naga saat ini lebih banyak berfungsi sebagai hiburan. Tidak lagi diperuntukkan bagi mengusir kejahatan dan mendatangkan tahun yang baik, tetapi bagi memberikan sedikit hiburan dan pendidikan kepada rakyat tentang sejarah dan kebudayaan bangsa Tionghoa.

Sekarang tidak lagi seperti dahulu, yang mana sangat ketahyulan, namun tetap terdapat kegembiraan dalam perayaan tersebut.

Cabang olahraga Perahu Naga (Dragon Boat) semula akan dicoret dari dftar kontingen Indonesia karena pesimis menang dan terlalu banyak personel. Tapi tim perahu naga tanah air membuktikan bahwa mereka bisa!!!.

Letusan Bintik Matahari Ancam Bumi

Sains & Teknologi

Letusan Bintik Matahari Ancam Bumi

Pasalnya, material yang "dimuntahkan" oleh erupsi tersebut mengarah lurus ke arah bumi.

Senin, 15 November 2010, 

Foto letupan matahari yang diambil dari satelit NASA (AP Photo/NASA)

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VIVAnews - Kabar tak menyenangkan lagi-lagi datang dari ranah astronomi. Akhir minggu lalu, salah satu bintik matahari baru saja erupsi alias meletus dan menyemburkan korona dalam jumlah besar atau disebut sebagian orang sebagai badai matahari.
Adakah dampaknya terhadap bumi? Ada. Tetapi, siapa pun berharap hal itu tidak terjadi.
Jika Anda pernah mendengar berita tentang prediksi badai matahari yang terjadi di tahun 2013 nanti dan akan melumpuhkan seluruh aktivitas di bumi, kurang lebih apa yang terjadi akhir minggu lalu juga demikian. Akan tetapi, skalanya kali ini kemungkinan tidak sebesar perkiraan sebelumnya.
Pada gambar korona, atau cahaya semu di sekitar matahari, yang tertangkap oleh Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) dan pesawat ruang angkasa kembar milik NASA, STEREO, nampak awan gas meletus keluar dari bintik matahari 1123 di sekitar bagian selatan matahari pada Jumat dini hari waktu setempat.
Letusan itu telah diklasifikasikan ilmuwan sebagai bintik surya C-4. Sayangnya, material yang "dimuntahkan" erupsi tersebut mengarah lurus ke arah bumi dengan kecepatan nyaris mendekati 500 kilometer per jam.
NASA memperkirakan awan gas tersebut akan sampai ke atmosfer bumi sekitar dua-tiga hari sejak Jumat, atau sekitar hari Minggu atau Senin waktu setempat (Florida, Amerika Serikat). "Pengamat lintang astronomi harus mewaspadai adanya aurora pada hari-hari tersebut," tutur NASA dalam keterangannya, yang dikutip VIVAnews dari TG Daily, Senin 15 November 2010.
Kabar baiknya, kali ini hanya sebagian kecil titik api yang cukup kuat untuk menghasilkan badai matahari. Namun, jika jumlah materinya cukup besar, yang mana kebanyakan mengandung proton dan elektron, tentu saja mampu menghasilkan medan magnet dan radiasi elektromagnetik ke ruang angkasa.
Hasilnya, radiasi yang muncul kemudian merusak seluruh gelombang elektromagnetik di bumi dan membuat bencana besar.
Bisakah Anda membayangkan bumi tanpa telekomunikasi? Hampir seluruh alat transportasi massal akan lumpuh, mulai dari kereta api, MRT, subway, dan tentu saja pesawat terbang.

Segala bentuk navigasi yang berbasis GPS dan berhubungan dengan satelit akan terkena imbas. Jaringan mobile dan radio akan lenyap. Dan, kemungkinan terburuk yang terjadi: beberapa hari ke depan kita hidup tanpa listrik. subkhanalloh , astgfirulloh

Betapa Cantiknya Manakala Bulan Penuh

Betapa Cantiknya Manakala Bulan Penuh

Posted on January 30, 2010 by mariasunarto | Edit

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1 Votes

Jangan  kau abaikan  kala bulan  indahnya seperti  ini

Jangan  kau  tahan  kemudian  kau  melelehkan  air mata

Apa  saja  boleh  kau  bisikkan  kepada  sang  Pencipta

Sepi  berkelana  menelusuri  rimba  hati kala  bersujud

Indahnya  dibelai  kerinduanku  dan  lezat  bahagia

karena bersatu  denganNya  maka  hilang  hati yang hampa

Aku  bersyukur  aku  bertasbih ,hidup  ini  penuh  makna

Kekayaan  dan  gelar ilmu  tak  bernilai  sudah

Karena  itu  cuma  fatamorgana  membuat  haus dahaga jiwa.

Posisi bersujud melepas nyawa untuk menghadap sang Khalik, mbah Marijan.

Foto-foto jenazah Mbah Maridjan dalam posisi bersujud.  Dari kesaksian wartawan vivanews yang tewas dalam kejadian itu, dia menunggu mbah mardjan yang sedang menunaikan sholat.  Tiba-tiba serangan awan panas menghantam rumah Mbah Maridjan. Sang Wartawan yang memberi kesaksian itu akhirnya tewas. Mbah Maridjan  kemudian ditemukan dalam posisi bersujud